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Farming in New Ranch means tilling soil, planting crops that follow the [[NewRanch:Seasons and Climate|seasons]], watering them and harvesting again and again from the same plants. Many farm items are locked behind [[NewRanch:Research|research]] branches.

== Soil ==
Crops do not grow on plain dirt. Most of them need '''field soil''':
{| class="wikitable"
! Soil !! How to get it !! Effect on crops
|-
| [[NewRanch:Fallow Soil|Fallow Soil]] || Use a plow on dirt or grass || Normal growth
|-
| [[NewRanch:Rich Soil|Rich Soil]] || Harrow or Row Plow over Fallow Soil (uses 1 Manure per tile), or craft 1 Fallow Soil + 1 Manure (or + 2 Kelp) at a Work Bench (needs Composting) || Grows twice as fast, +1 yield
|-
| [[NewRanch:Fertile Soil|Fertile Soil]] || Only grown from [[NewRanch:Parched Soil|Parched Soil]] in the [[NewRanch:Dried Fields|Dried Fields]] || Grows twice as fast, +2 yield
|}

=== Plows and spades ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tool !! Width !! Recipe
|-
| [[NewRanch:Barn Plow|Barn Plow]] || 3 tiles || 5 Barn Bar, 8 Wood (Anvil)
|-
| [[NewRanch:Harrow|Harrow]] || 5 tiles || 10 Harrow Bar, 6 Wood (Mythril Anvil)
|-
| [[NewRanch:Row Plow|Row Plow]] || 11 tiles || 6 Thresher Parts, 8 Furrow Bar (Mythril Anvil)
|}
* A plow needs open space above the tile. Dirt and grass become Fallow Soil; there is a 1 in 8 chance per tile to dig up an [[NewRanch:Earthworm|Earthworm]].
* The Harrow and Row Plow also turn Fallow Soil into Rich Soil if you carry Manure. Dirt needs one pass to become Fallow and a second pass to become Rich.
* Any plow turns sand or hardened sand into Parched Soil if you carry Fossil Meal, and ash into Embered Ash if you carry Soul Ash.
* '''Spades''' ([[NewRanch:Field Spade|Field Spade]] 1 tile, [[NewRanch:Improved Spade|Improved Spade]] 3 wide, [[NewRanch:Ancient Spade|Ancient Spade]] 3×3) raise a field soil tile one stage with a left-click and dig out field soil or the plant on it with a right-click.

== Crops ==
Every crop has three stages. Harvesting a ripe crop (right-click, sickle or scythe) gives the produce and resets the plant to a seedling, which grows again. Mining a crop only gives seeds: 1–2 when ripe (+1 with the Seed Saving branch), 1 when unripe. Swinging weapons does not cut crops.

Unless noted, crops grow on Fallow, Rich or Fertile Soil. The ''chance'' is the odds per growth check; a lower number grows faster.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Crop !! Chance !! Yield !! Seasons !! Notes
|-
| Grain ([[NewRanch:Grain Seeds|Grain Seeds]]) || 1:6 || 2–3 [[NewRanch:Wild Grain|Wild Grain]] || Spring–Autumn ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Lettuce Seeds|Lettuce]] || 1:3 || 1–2 || Spring, Autumn ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Flax Seeds|Flax]] || 1:4 || 1–3 || Spring, Summer ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Strawberry Seeds|Strawberry]] || 1:5 || 2–4 || Spring, Summer ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Bean Seeds|Bean]] || 1:5 || 2–4 || Spring, Summer ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Carrot Seeds|Carrot]] || 1:6 || 2–4 || Spring–Autumn ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Leek Seeds|Leek]] || 1:7 || 2–3 || Autumn, Winter ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Pepper Seeds|Pepper]] || 1:7 || 2–3 || Summer, Autumn ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Tomato Seeds|Tomato]] || 1:8 || 3–4 || Summer, Autumn ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Turnip Seeds|Turnip]] || 1:9 || 3–4 || Spring, Autumn, Winter ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Cucumber Seeds|Cucumber]] || 1:10 || 3–5 || Spring, Summer ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Melon Seeds|Melon]] || 1:12 || 4–6 || Summer, Autumn ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Rice Seeds|Rice]] || 1:10 || 5–8 || Spring–Autumn || Needs a paddy, see below
|-
| Golden Wheat || 1:6 || 3–4 || Spring–Autumn || Also grows on Moist and Green Soil
|-
| Golden Corn || 1:9 || 2 || Spring–Autumn || Also grows on Moist and Green Soil
|-
| [[NewRanch:Ancient Grain Seeds|Ancient Grain]] || 1:3 || 1–2 || All year ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Quillcane Seeds|Quillcane]] || 1:10 || 12–20 Wooden Arrows || Spring–Autumn ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Ironvine Seeds|Ironvine]] || 1:22 || 2–4 Iron Ore || Autumn, Winter ||
|-
| [[NewRanch:Furrowvine Seeds|Furrowvine]] || 1:26 || 2–4 Furrow Ore || Autumn, Winter || Rich Soil only; grows only after all three mechanical bosses
|-
| [[NewRanch:Harrowbloom Seeds|Harrowbloom]] || 1:14 || 2–3 || All year || Grows only in Hardmode; glows
|-
| Snow Peach || 1:8 || 2–3 || Autumn, Winter || At home in the snow
|-
| Dried Date || 1:8 || 2–3 || Summer, Autumn || At home in the desert; grows faster in a drought
|-
| Vineberry || 1:6 || 2–4 || Spring–Autumn || At home in the jungle
|-
| Glimmer Cherry || 1:10 || 2–3 || All year || At home in glowing mushroom areas
|-
| Cloud Melon || 1:8 || 2–3 || Spring, Summer || At home in the sky; does not grow in the Crow Realm
|-
| Mouldplum || 1:9 || 1–2 || All year || Corrupt grass or ebonstone
|-
| Pulseberry || 1:9 || 1–2 || All year || Crimson grass or crimstone; grows only during the Blood Harvest
|-
| Prismberry || 1:8 || 1–2 || All year || Hallowed grass, pearlstone or pearlsand; grows only during Prism Rain
|-
| Cinderseed || 1:12 || 2–3 Cinderseed Ear || All year || Ash, ash grass, Soul Ash or Embered Ash
|-
| Flesh Cap || 1:10 || 2–3 || All year || Mushy flesh grass only
|}

A crop in its '''home biome''' (tooltip "At home in …") grows twice as fast and yields +1 there.

=== Growth speed ===
These factors stack; the wait never drops below 1:2.
* Rich or Fertile Soil: twice as fast
* Rain anywhere in the world, local jungle rain, or an [[NewRanch:Amberglass|Amberglass]] roof: 1.5× as fast
* [[NewRanch:Green Thumb|Green Thumb]] or the Harrow armor set on the nearest player: twice as fast (they do not stack with each other)
* Home biome: twice as fast
* Spring: wait ×0.75 · Winter: wait ×1.5
* Fairy pollination: wait ×0.75 · Jungle canopy: wait ×2/3 · [[NewRanch:Blessing|Blessing]]: twice as fast
* Drought: wait ×1.5 (Dried Date grows faster instead)

=== Yield ===
Rich Soil +1, Fertile Soil +2, a Bee Skep (placed with the [[NewRanch:Honeybee|Honeybee]] item) within 12 tiles +1, home biome +1, Summer +1, Infused armor set +1, [[NewRanch:Harvest Belt|Harvest Belt]] +1, [[NewRanch:Full Hands|Full Hands]] +1. Crops high in the sky lose 1 during a sky storm unless they are indoors.

== Berry bushes and fruit trees ==
Bushes grow from cuttings, have three stages and are harvested with a right-click. Mining a bush gives the cutting back, plus berries if ripe. Bushes only profit from rain or a greenhouse; soil, season speed and drought do not affect them.
{| class="wikitable"
! Bush !! Chance !! Yield !! Seasons !! Soil
|-
| Currant || 1:6 || 2–3 || Summer, Autumn || Grass or Orchard Loam
|-
| Gooseberry || 1:8 || 2–4 || Summer, Autumn || Grass or Orchard Loam
|-
| Elderberry || 1:10 || 3–5 || Spring–Autumn || Grass or Orchard Loam
|-
| Fieldberry || 1:12 || 2–4 || All year || Moist, Green or Fertile Soil
|}

Fruit trees are shaken and only bear in summer and autumn. Saplings grow at 1:20.
{| class="wikitable"
! Tree !! Soil !! Fruit per shake !! Seedling drop
|-
| Orchard Tree ([[NewRanch:Orchard Seedling|Orchard Seedling]]) || Grass or Orchard Loam || 2–4 Ranch Apple || 1 in 12 Plum Seedling
|-
| Plum Tree || Fallow Soil || 2–4 [[NewRanch:Plum|Plum]] || 1 in 12 Pear Seedling
|-
| Pear Tree || Rich Soil || 2–4 [[NewRanch:Pear|Pear]] || –
|}
Autumn and the Pruning branch each add +2 fruit per shake. A live Bumblebee within 25 tiles adds +1.

== Where seeds come from ==
* The [[NewRanch:Farmer|Farmer]] always sells Grain Seeds; other seeds appear once the matching research branch is learned.
* The Dryad sells some branch seeds. The biome seeds (snow, desert, jungle, glowing mushroom, sky) need the Fruiting Crops branch and you standing in that biome; Rice needs Aquaculture and the beach.
* Recipes: Quillcane Seeds (Fibre Crops), Ironvine Seeds and Furrowvine Seeds (Root Crops).
* [[NewRanch:Ancient Grain Seeds|Ancient Grain Seeds]]: the [[NewRanch:Archaeologist|Archaeologist]], [[NewRanch:Old Well|Old Wells]] and ruin chests.
* [[NewRanch:Harrowbloom Seeds|Harrowbloom Seeds]]: Locusts (1 in 4) and distant ruin chests.
* Golden Wheat and Golden Corn: withered plants in the Dried Fields come back to life when their Parched Soil turns moist.
* Rot Fruit enemies and Field Hamsters drop random seeds or cuttings from the whole mod.

== Watering ==
* [[NewRanch:Watering Can|Watering Can]] (Irrigation branch): holds 20 water. Fill it at any water, a filled Bromeliad, a full [[NewRanch:Rain Barrel|Rain Barrel]], a [[NewRanch:Well|Well]] or a repaired [[NewRanch:Old Well|Old Well]]. It waters the 3×3 area around the cursor; each plant costs 1 water and grows one stage at once. Right-click to drink (4 water for 25 thirst). Water scooped over a crystal lake in the Hallow grows plants two stages.
* [[NewRanch:Rain Barrel|Rain Barrel]] (Irrigation): fills while it rains under open sky. Meltwater fills it even under a roof.
* [[NewRanch:Well|Well]] (Irrigation): endless water for the can.
* [[NewRanch:Sprinkler|Sprinkler]] (Farm Works): runs only when crops or bushes are within 6 tiles. Each run uses one full Rain Barrel within 8 tiles, or draws endlessly from a Well or repaired Old Well within 8 tiles, and waters up to 8 plants or soil tiles.
* Crops and bushes along a generated jungle river grow on their own every few seconds.
* '''Rice paddies:''' the rice tile must stand in at least half a tile of water with dry air above. Without water it does not grow; flooded above, it can lose a stage. In salt water near the ocean the yield is 2 lower.

== Harvest tools and helpers ==
* Vanilla '''Sickle''': harvests one ripe crop or bush per swing near the cursor.
* [[NewRanch:Harvest Scythe|Harvest Scythe]]: harvests every ripe crop and bush within 7 tiles on each swing and is also a melee weapon.
* [[NewRanch:Speed Fertilizer|Speed Fertilizer]] (Composting): instantly ripens a crop or bush, or tries to grow a sapling.
* [[NewRanch:Compost Heap|Compost Heap]] (Composting): fill with 10 Leaves or 10 Hay, collect 2–4 [[NewRanch:Manure|Manure]] and sometimes Earthworms.
* The [[NewRanch:Farmhand|Farmhand]] moves in after 50 crop harvests and harvests ripe crops near him during the day.
* Satchels: the [[NewRanch:Seed Satchel|Seed Satchel]], [[NewRanch:Harvest Basket|Harvest Basket]] and [[NewRanch:Cold Box|Cold Box]] store seeds, produce or food automatically. They start with 3 slots; each [[NewRanch:Saddler's Stitch|Saddler's Stitch]] adds one, up to 15. Right-click opens them, using them empties them into the nearest chest within 12 tiles.

== Harvest records ==
The mod counts '''Field''' (crop), '''Stock''' (livestock) and '''Orchard''' (trees and bushes) harvests. At the [[NewRanch:Events#Harvest Festival|Harvest Festival]] the year is graded: bronze at 120 in total, silver at 400 in total, gold at 200 in each of the three counters.

== Selling ==
* The [[NewRanch:Shipping Bin|Shipping Bin]] accepts the mod's materials and food that have a value and pays once each morning in '''Farm Marks''' (1 mark per 100 copper of sell value, at least 1).
* The [[NewRanch:Market Buyer|Market Buyer]] moves in after the first shipment. She buys every eligible item in your inventory at the day's rate: spring 125%, summer 95%, autumn 75%, winter 145%, ±10% per day, +40 points during the Harvest Festival, always between 40% and 200%.
* Items from the mod sold in town NPC shops are priced in Farm Marks.
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